摘 要
政府與市場的關系問題自政府與市場出現以來就爭執不休，其中出現過以市場為主導的放任自由主義，也出現過以國家或政府為主導的完全計劃經濟形式。上述是兩種比較極端的形式，更多的時候是二者相輔相成的和睦時期，雖然持續爭論的問題已經不再是二者取其一的問題，但關于二者誰應為主導的問題一直喋喋不休。時至今日，我們雖無把握具體應賦予二者怎樣的職能，但有一點已形成普遍共識，即二者缺一不可，二者和睦共處已成為經濟社會持續向前發展的源動力。
哈耶克是新自由主義的代表人物之一，哈耶克的著述涉及經濟、政治、社會等諸多領域，他最為人所知的便是他對于經濟自由主義的擁護以及自發秩序的思想。所以本文在較為詳盡地闡述他這兩方面思想的基礎上力圖還原他對于政府與市場的核心看法。哈耶克關于政府與市場的關系的主張主要集中在他的自發秩序思想之中，秩序觀是他經濟思想的核心，他認為經濟學的問題就在于建構出這樣一種秩序，然而自發秩序的形成要依賴于個人對于經濟自由的行使，在當代社會，市場是最為接近這種秩序的經濟組織形式之一，所以哈耶克是自由市場的堅定擁護者。與之相比，政府的職能要相對小很多，政府旨在維護這種自生自發的秩序得以良好運行，與此同時，哈耶克處處提醒人們提防政府權力有不可遏制的傾向。
本文運用理論分析的手法解讀哈耶克的核心思想，結合當代中國經濟改革的浪潮，渴望從哈耶克的思想主張里尋求某種有益的成分。重點闡述了哈耶克的自發秩序思想以及由此分析總結了哈耶克有關政府與市場關系的看法。在這兩部分內容里，加入了對古典自由主義等相關思想的闡述，其目的是方便與哈耶克的相關思想進行比較研究。與此同時，也加入了一些政治學、哲學等相關術語方便對哈耶克思想做一更好的闡釋。最后，通過分析哈耶克的相關結論，針對我國情形給出幾點可行性建議。
經濟改革是所有改革中的重中之重，經濟發展不好其他都是枉然，所以在當今改革進入深水區與攻堅區的艱難時刻，哈耶克在幾十年前的思想或許會有所助益。盡管哈耶克的思想中存在意識形態與我國不同的問題，但任何思想或主張只要符合當前經濟形勢就可以加以采用。
關鍵詞：
哈耶克，政府，市場，秩序
Abstract
The relationship between government and market is argued away since theyappear. In history, there are two kinds of extreme form which are called laissez-faireliberalism and planned economy. The former one takes the market as the leadingfactor while the latter focuses on government. Now the debate is no longer to chooseeither market or government, we know that they are both important. But the problemis which one is the main factor. Maybe we don't know the specific functions they twoshould carry on, but it has become a consensus that the harmony between them is thedriving force of the whole society.
Hayek is one of the representative of neoliberals. Hayek's writings involve manyfields such as economy, politics and society. Among them, his advocacy of economicliberalism and the idea of spontaneous order make him a liberty. So I decide to statehis ideas as possible as I can in detail in this paper. The spontaneous order is the coreidea of his economy thought. He thinks that the most important problem in economyis to construct such an order and it's the key to understand his thought on therelationship between government and market. However the formation of thespontaneous order depends on individuals. In the contemporary society, the market isthe organization which is close to spontaneous order, so Hayek is a staunch supporterof the free market.By contrast, the government aims to maintain the authigenicspontaneous order. At the same time, Hayek reminds people to beware of the powerof the government has a tendency to unstoppable.
This article aims to unscramble Hayek's core theory combined with theeconomic reform in recent China. We desire to seek the beneficial ingredients fromHayek's ideas. This article puts an emphasis on Hayek's spontaneous order in order tounscramble the relationship between government and market. In the paper, I state theclassical liberal ideas to make comparition with Hayek's related ideas. At the sametime, I state some political and philosophical terms to make the ideas more clear.
Finally, I give some constructive advice to our courtry.
Economic reform is the top priority in all reforms. If economic development isslow, others are all in vain. Today, China's reform is in the hardest time, Hayek'sthoughts in a few years ago may help us a lot. Although hayek's thoughts differ fromus in ideology, any idea or claim which accords with the current economic situationcan be used.
Key Words:
Hayek,Government,Market, Order
目 錄
第 1 章 緒 論
1.1 選題背景和意義
1.1.1 選題背景
1.1.2 選題意義
1.2 現有研究綜述
1.2.1 國外研究現狀
1.2.2 國內研究現狀
1.3 論文結構和方法
1.4 主要創新與不足
第 2 章 哈耶克自發秩序思想概述
2.1 經濟自由思想
2.1.1 經濟自由的起源與定義
2.1.2 經濟自由的組織形式
2.1.3 經濟自由的重要意義
2.2 進化的社會與秩序
2.3 自發秩序與經濟自由
第 3 章 哈耶克的政府與市場職能觀
3.1 政府與市場的四種關系
3.2 市場與經濟自由
3.3 政府及其職權范圍
3.4 政府與市場
3.5 哈耶克理論主張中的爭論點
3.5.1 公平觀及政府的職責問題
3.5.2 國家公有與個人私有的問題
第 4 章 哈耶克理論對于我國政府與市場關系的啟示
4.1 我國的改革現狀及其特殊性
4.2 哈耶克理論的啟示
第 5 章 結論
參考文獻
致 謝
政府與市場的關系問題自政府與市場出現以來就爭執不休，其中出現過以市場為主導的放任自由主義，也出現過以國家或政府為主導的完全計劃經濟形式。上述是兩種比較極端的形式，更多的時候是二者相輔相成的和睦時期，雖然持續爭論的問題已經不再是二者取其一的問題，但關于二者誰應為主導的問題一直喋喋不休。時至今日，我們雖無把握具體應賦予二者怎樣的職能，但有一點已形成普遍共識，即二者缺一不可，二者和睦共處已成為經濟社會持續向前發展的源動力。
哈耶克是新自由主義的代表人物之一，哈耶克的著述涉及經濟、政治、社會等諸多領域，他最為人所知的便是他對于經濟自由主義的擁護以及自發秩序的思想。所以本文在較為詳盡地闡述他這兩方面思想的基礎上力圖還原他對于政府與市場的核心看法。哈耶克關于政府與市場的關系的主張主要集中在他的自發秩序思想之中，秩序觀是他經濟思想的核心，他認為經濟學的問題就在于建構出這樣一種秩序，然而自發秩序的形成要依賴于個人對于經濟自由的行使，在當代社會，市場是最為接近這種秩序的經濟組織形式之一，所以哈耶克是自由市場的堅定擁護者。與之相比，政府的職能要相對小很多，政府旨在維護這種自生自發的秩序得以良好運行，與此同時，哈耶克處處提醒人們提防政府權力有不可遏制的傾向。
本文運用理論分析的手法解讀哈耶克的核心思想，結合當代中國經濟改革的浪潮，渴望從哈耶克的思想主張里尋求某種有益的成分。重點闡述了哈耶克的自發秩序思想以及由此分析總結了哈耶克有關政府與市場關系的看法。在這兩部分內容里，加入了對古典自由主義等相關思想的闡述，其目的是方便與哈耶克的相關思想進行比較研究。與此同時，也加入了一些政治學、哲學等相關術語方便對哈耶克思想做一更好的闡釋。最后，通過分析哈耶克的相關結論，針對我國情形給出幾點可行性建議。
經濟改革是所有改革中的重中之重，經濟發展不好其他都是枉然，所以在當今改革進入深水區與攻堅區的艱難時刻，哈耶克在幾十年前的思想或許會有所助益。盡管哈耶克的思想中存在意識形態與我國不同的問題，但任何思想或主張只要符合當前經濟形勢就可以加以采用。
關鍵詞：
哈耶克，政府，市場，秩序
Abstract
The relationship between government and market is argued away since theyappear. In history, there are two kinds of extreme form which are called laissez-faireliberalism and planned economy. The former one takes the market as the leadingfactor while the latter focuses on government. Now the debate is no longer to chooseeither market or government, we know that they are both important. But the problemis which one is the main factor. Maybe we don't know the specific functions they twoshould carry on, but it has become a consensus that the harmony between them is thedriving force of the whole society.
Hayek is one of the representative of neoliberals. Hayek's writings involve manyfields such as economy, politics and society. Among them, his advocacy of economicliberalism and the idea of spontaneous order make him a liberty. So I decide to statehis ideas as possible as I can in detail in this paper. The spontaneous order is the coreidea of his economy thought. He thinks that the most important problem in economyis to construct such an order and it's the key to understand his thought on therelationship between government and market. However the formation of thespontaneous order depends on individuals. In the contemporary society, the market isthe organization which is close to spontaneous order, so Hayek is a staunch supporterof the free market.By contrast, the government aims to maintain the authigenicspontaneous order. At the same time, Hayek reminds people to beware of the powerof the government has a tendency to unstoppable.
This article aims to unscramble Hayek's core theory combined with theeconomic reform in recent China. We desire to seek the beneficial ingredients fromHayek's ideas. This article puts an emphasis on Hayek's spontaneous order in order tounscramble the relationship between government and market. In the paper, I state theclassical liberal ideas to make comparition with Hayek's related ideas. At the sametime, I state some political and philosophical terms to make the ideas more clear.
Finally, I give some constructive advice to our courtry.
Economic reform is the top priority in all reforms. If economic development isslow, others are all in vain. Today, China's reform is in the hardest time, Hayek'sthoughts in a few years ago may help us a lot. Although hayek's thoughts differ fromus in ideology, any idea or claim which accords with the current economic situationcan be used.
Key Words:
Hayek,Government,Market, Order
目 錄
第 1 章 緒 論
1.1 選題背景和意義
1.1.1 選題背景
1.1.2 選題意義
1.2 現有研究綜述
1.2.1 國外研究現狀
1.2.2 國內研究現狀
1.3 論文結構和方法
1.4 主要創新與不足
第 2 章 哈耶克自發秩序思想概述
2.1 經濟自由思想
2.1.1 經濟自由的起源與定義
2.1.2 經濟自由的組織形式
2.1.3 經濟自由的重要意義
2.2 進化的社會與秩序
2.3 自發秩序與經濟自由
第 3 章 哈耶克的政府與市場職能觀
3.1 政府與市場的四種關系
3.2 市場與經濟自由
3.3 政府及其職權范圍
3.4 政府與市場
3.5 哈耶克理論主張中的爭論點
3.5.1 公平觀及政府的職責問題
3.5.2 國家公有與個人私有的問題
第 4 章 哈耶克理論對于我國政府與市場關系的啟示
4.1 我國的改革現狀及其特殊性
4.2 哈耶克理論的啟示
第 5 章 結論
參考文獻
致 謝
