中美雙邊投資協定下國民待遇問題研究-藏刊網

摘要

目前中國與美國正在進行雙邊投資協定的談判。本文從四個方面研宄談判中的中美雙邊投資條約國民待遇原則問題。首先研宄談判過程中遇到的分歧，包括一般分歧與主要分歧。一般分歧主要是關于如何定義投資與投資者，通過對比美國2004年與2012年范本中的定義來與我國2015年1月商務部公布的《外國投資法（草案征求意見稿）》中提出的定義進行分析。對其中的業績要求美方提出在很多領域給予業績要求，而中方以前不愿意做出業績要求的規定，但是最近幾次和他國簽訂的雙邊、多邊協定中也在某些特定領域給予了業績要求的規定。同時提高了勞工與環境保護標準，這也是在簽訂協定過程中雙方爭執的一般分歧，并完善了投資者與東道國爭端解決機制的途徑。其次就是研究主要分歧，包括外資準入與國民待遇。通過對外資準入前國民待遇進行利弊分析，再與我國此前一直采用的準入后國民待遇進行比較，分析準入前國民待遇和準入后國民待遇在我國經濟發展過程中所帶來的影響。第三部分從外資運營與國民待遇的角度，分析司法行政救濟方面的國民待遇、民事權益保護方面的國民待遇和宏觀管理方面的國民待遇。最后探討負面清單與國民待遇。首先研究負面清單為基礎的準入前國民待遇，并在此基礎上尋找資本輸入國與輸出國的利益平衡，最后探討中美雙邊投資條約的達成將會產生的影響，分析其將對我國國民經濟產生的沖擊。本文重點主要是研宄準入前國民待遇與負面清單問題，這是中美雙邊投資協定達成的關鍵問題，也是雙方的主要分歧。

關鍵詞：中美雙邊投資協定，外資準入，準入前國民待遇，負面清單

Abstract

Bilateral investment treaties is currently in bilateral investment between China and the UnitedStates want to achieve a text. Although decided to sign the text from the start, after nearly 10 yearsup to now. The two sides has made a lot of negotiation and compromise. This paper is from fouraspects. First of all, from the differences of encountered in the process of negotiation. Differences aredivided into general differences and special differences. General differences is mainly about how todefine the investment and investors. By comparing the United States in 2004 and 2012 model of thedefinition and released in January 2015,the ministry of commerce in China foreign investment lawdraft analysis put forward the definition of the draft. Performance requirements for which the requestin many areas to give performance. But we don't want to put forward before performancerequirements of regulations. But in recent times and in the other countries' bilateral and multilateralagreements signed also gave the performance requirements of regulations in a particular field. At thesame time improve the labor and environmental protection standards, this also is in the process ofsigning the confrontation of differences in general. To improve the approaches of dispute settlementmechanism of the investors and the host country. Next to foreign investment access and nationaltreatment. Admittance of foreign capital based on the national treatment before analyzing the prosand cons, and then from the previous national treatment after our country has been used in access tocompare and analysis before access to national treatment and access to national treatment on theimpact of China's economic development process. The third part from foreign capital operation andthe relationship between national treatment and cuts. From three aspects to research, analysis of thejudicial administrative remedy of national treatment, civil rights and interests protection of nationaltreatment, finally from the macro management of national treatment for research. Through thesethree aspects to the foreign operation stages to what level of national treatment in our country have toknow. The last aspect is the same national treatment is as important as the negative list. Around thenegative list with the national treatment is discussed First introduces negative listing based accessbefore the national treatment, and on this basis for capital importer and exporter of their owninterests balance,finally discusses the agreed on bilateral investment treaty will produce what kindof impact, so as to analyze the bilateral investment treaty agreed upon will have what impact on ourcountry's national economy. The focus of this article is mainly on the study of national treatment andnegative list before access problem, because these two aspects is the key to the bilateral investmentagreements reached the problem, is also the main differences between the two sides.

KEY WORDS: U.S.-China bilateral investment treaty, market access, before access to nationaltreatment, negative list

引言

1中美雙邊投資條約談判的一般分歧

1.1關于投資與投資者的定義

1.2業績要求

1.3勞工與環境保護標準

1.4投資者與東道國爭端解決機制

2外資準入與國民待遇原則

2.1外資準入前國民待遇

2.2外資準入后國民待遇

3外資運營與國民待遇

3.1司法行政救濟方面的國民待遇